Importance of Confidentiality and Ethics in Healthcare

Importance of Confidentiality and Ethics in Healthcare Sara Lan Case Three Confidentiality protection is an essential component of a patient-physician relationship. Only in a setting of trust can patients feel comfortable sharing personal feelings and sensitive information regarding their health with their health care providers. Having access to confidential health services is especially important when the patients are adolescents. This is particularly because the medical care needs of adolescents can often conflict with the opinions and values of their family members. Therefore, adolescents are less likely to seek medical treatment if they fear that the information they share with their medical care providers might be disclosed to their families. On the other hand, this fear may also cause adolescents to withhold certain information from medical professionals which can create problems in providing accurate diagnoses. Thus, medical care providers should do everything they can to respect adolescent patients’ confidentiality unless the patients are at significant risk of harming themselves or others. Confidentiality is linked in to several bioethical principles, including the principle of respect for patient autonomy, the principle of beneficence, and the principle of nonmaleficence. Within bioethics, the principle of respect for patient autonomy is usually associated with allowing informed and competent patients to make their own choices regarding their medical treatments (15). Meanwhile, confidentiality is respecting a patient’s right to control the information relating to his or her own health. While these concepts generally refer to adult patients, adolescents of Bill’s age are presumed competent to make medical choices for themselves. Unless the law requires otherwise, a competent minor can consent to medical care without involving the patient’s parents. In this particular case, Bill has good reasons for his reluctance to disclose the information that he has shared with the medical team to his parents. Bill mentions that his parents have explicitly expressed their views against same sex marriages and negative opinions about gays and lesbians. Therefore, in respecting Bill’s confidentiality and keeping information about Billâ€℠¢s sexual orientation a secret, the medical team is acting beneficently. At the same time, disclosing the information to Bill’s parents presents the potential for harm. For instance, Bill may face rejection from his parents as a result and this may cause his depression to worsen. Thus, maintaining confidentiality can also be seen as acting in the principle of nonmaleficence. Concerns with regards to Bill’s competency may arise due to his past suicide attempt. In cases involving minors who do not have the capacity to make their own health care decisions, parents are generally the default surrogate-decision makers (94). Consequently, some people may argue that Bill’s medical decisions should be determined by his parents. Furthermore, by invoking the best interest standard, they might add that knowing all relevant information is necessary in determining what treatments are most beneficial for Bill. This can be justified if Bill is deemed incapable of making his own medical decisions then his parents may need to know about the causes of his depression in order to decide what specific types of medical treatments he needs. However, based on the sliding scale model of competency, I argue that Bill does in fact have the competency required to make his own health care choices. According to the sliding scale of competency, medical treatments that are highly beneficial with relatively small risks require a low level of competency to provide informed consent (90). Bill’s treatment plan fits into this category quite well. Furthermore, due to the highly therapeutic nature of these types of treatments, a presumption of competency holds when a patient agrees to treatment because the patient is making a rational choice (90). Although Bill’s competence may be questioned again when medical treatments involving higher risks are involved, he is still capable of making his own decisions about the treatment plan that is offered to him at the moment. While it is important to respect a patient’s autonomy and confidentiality, the medical team should still encourage conversation between adolescents and their parents. When an illness strikes a member in the family, it not only affects the patient, but also the patient’s family as a whole. For that reason, in â€Å"Bioethics for Clinicians: Involving Children in Medical Decisions†, the writers proposed a family-centred approach which takes into consideration the burdens and the benefits for all family members, as well as their responsibilities toward each other (93). Since family members can provide much-needed support during the patient’s illness, medical care providers should always encourage communication between a minor and his or her parents. If Bill agrees to it, the medical team can speak to his parents about his treatment plan in more general terms. For instance, adolescence can generally be a difficult time for many people. Being the transition sta ge between childhood and adulthood, there are unique challenges and struggles that exist in this stage of life such as developing a personal identity. Therefore, it is not uncommon for adolescents to seek therapy and counselling for one reason or another. For the same reasons, schools also have counsellors to guide and help adolescents deal with these issues in life. By framing Bill’s treatment plan in this way, the medical team is able to provide a way for Bill to communicate and obtain support from his parents while he undergoes treatments without disclosing Bill’s secret. It may be objected that withholding information from Bill’s parents is the same as lying. This objection is understandable since certain information does in fact have to be withheld when discussing Bill’s treatment plan with his parents as a means to protect Bill’s confidentiality. Nevertheless, the motivations behind lying and moral acts of withholding information are fundamentally different. For this reason, I argue that lying and moral acts of omission should not be viewed as equal. In â€Å"When Self-Determination Runs Amok†, author Daniel Callahan also speaks of the moral differences associated with â€Å"stopping life-sustaining treatments† with informed consent and â€Å"active forms of killing, such as a lethal injection† (345). Clearly, lying and active forms of killing are motivated by maleficence. Other the other hand, stopping life-sustaining treatments with informed consent and moral acts of withholding information are based on m edical professional duties. Ultimately, should the medical team lie to protect Bill’s confidentiality? The answer is no. Under no circumstances should the medical care providers lie. After all, no one would be willing place their health and well-being in the hands of medical professionals who are capable of dishonesty. Meanwhile, moral acts of omission are justifiable when disclosing full informationwill very likely cause predictable harm. Generally, people find the latter to be acceptable. If Bill’s depression does not improve with treatment and he is at significant risk of harming himself again, confidentiality may be justifiably breached. The medical should convey their intention to breach confidentiality to Bill before notifying his parents of his risk of harm to himself. However, it should be noted that it is not appropriate for the medical team to disclose information about Bill’s orientation if he does not wish for that information to be disclosed. It may take years before Bill feels comfortable sharing this information with his parents. Ultimately it is up to Bill to decide when he is ready. For the time being, the medical team’s role is to encourage a healthy support network between Bill and his family as well as to ensure that Bill has a confidential environment for his health care needs. Works Cited Gedge, Elisabeth (Boetzkes), and Wilfrid J. Waluchow. Eds. Readings in Health Care Ethics. 2nd ed. Peterborough: Broadview, 2012. Print.

The Kite Runner

Question: Even though countless events occur in the novel, the title refers to kite fighting and kite running. What do these activities represent in the novel and why are they so important? To whom or what does the title, â€Å"The Kite Runner,† refer? Kite fighting and kite running represent the fights in the novel and how you can lose the game and someone important in your life. If you win you can gain someone’s love and you can lose someone’s love in an instant. For example, Amir won the competition and at the same time he won his fathers’ love, but he lost Hassan.Imagine if Amir would’ve lost he wouldn’t have gained his fathers’ love, but Hassan wouldn’t have gone for that kite and he wouldn’t have gotten raped and their relationship would have never gotten tainted. I think the title â€Å"The Kite Runner,† refers to Hassan because he’s the infamous kite runner that doesn’t need to follow the grou p and doesn’t go in the same direction. Hassan goes his own way and always gets to the location a while before the kite actually gets there. Hassan is also a very fast runner that was an advantage for him to go along with his perfect kite running skills.He would all do it for Amir since he was so loyal; the title of this novel is something Amir probably would’ve named it. The title â€Å"The Kite Runner,† represents loyalty, because when Hassan ran down his last kite he would ever run for Amir his loyal words were â€Å"For you a thousand times over. † When Amir wanted to be loyal to Sohrab, he ran a kite for him and he said â€Å"For you a thousand times over†. So the title â€Å"The Kite Runner† is loyalty and love and all the things that give you loyalty. The Kite Runner Question: Even though countless events occur in the novel, the title refers to kite fighting and kite running. What do these activities represent in the novel and why are they so important? To whom or what does the title, â€Å"The Kite Runner,† refer? Kite fighting and kite running represent the fights in the novel and how you can lose the game and someone important in your life. If you win you can gain someone’s love and you can lose someone’s love in an instant. For example, Amir won the competition and at the same time he won his fathers’ love, but he lost Hassan.Imagine if Amir would’ve lost he wouldn’t have gained his fathers’ love, but Hassan wouldn’t have gone for that kite and he wouldn’t have gotten raped and their relationship would have never gotten tainted. I think the title â€Å"The Kite Runner,† refers to Hassan because he’s the infamous kite runner that doesn’t need to follow the grou p and doesn’t go in the same direction. Hassan goes his own way and always gets to the location a while before the kite actually gets there. Hassan is also a very fast runner that was an advantage for him to go along with his perfect kite running skills.He would all do it for Amir since he was so loyal; the title of this novel is something Amir probably would’ve named it. The title â€Å"The Kite Runner,† represents loyalty, because when Hassan ran down his last kite he would ever run for Amir his loyal words were â€Å"For you a thousand times over. † When Amir wanted to be loyal to Sohrab, he ran a kite for him and he said â€Å"For you a thousand times over†. So the title â€Å"The Kite Runner† is loyalty and love and all the things that give you loyalty. The Kite Runner Amir and Hassan, the sultans of Kabul This literary analysis will evaluate â€Å"The Kite Runner†, directed by Marc Foster and based on the novel â€Å"The Kite Runner† written by Khaled Hosseini. The movie contains many universal themes however the symbolism and significance of the pomegranate tree often represents and supports the nature of Hassan and Amir’s friendship as the story progresses. The first element that needs to be analyzed is the symbolism behind the pomegranate tree. The pomegranate is mentioned in the Qur’an as being a fruit from paradise.In the Qur’an it is described as being ripe and rich in color, but mirroring the pomegranate tree in The Kite Runner, it too becomes lifeless, suggesting a fall from paradise. The pomegranate trees resemble the friendship between Amir and Hassan. As it falters and weakens, so too does the pomegranate tree. Hassan has an unrequited love for Amir. He admired Amir for his knowledge; Amir would have a nd know things that Hassan could not. The pomegranate trees at the beginning of the movie are representative of the strong friendship that the boys share.Its bright red fruit representing new life and opportunities as they grew, and its large braches like outstretched arms sheltering them from the outside world. Hassan found refuge in Amir’s friendship just as he found refuge in the pomegranate tree. It was a positive and happy place where the boys like to play. Amir reads to Hassan underneath the trees which transport him away from his illiteracy, but just like the trees, Amir towers over him with his knowledge. Amir uses Ali’s knives to carve â€Å"Amir and Hassan, the sultans of Kabul† into the trunk of the tree. This act represented the boys bound to one another and to the tree.After Amir bore witness to Hassan being rapped, he feels as though it is impossible to be in the same room as him. They walk up to the pomegranate tree where the boys sit and talk. Am ir picks up a pomegranate asking Hassan what he would do if he hit him with the fruit. This seems as though Amir wants to test Hassan’s loyalty. Amir hurls a pomegranate at Hassan’s chest, demanding Hassan to fight back. . â€Å"Hit me back! † Amir demands. He wants Hassan to hurt him so he can feel pain. Amir wants Hassan to get revenge on him because of the guilt he had after the rape. Amir pelts Hassan with pomegranates, leaving him drenched in red fruit.The boys share the pomegranate tree; they carved their names on the trunk, fed from the same breast and they also share the same blood. Hassan being covered in red symbolizes the blood spilled after the rape. Although Hassan was the victim, the rape literally cut both of the boys, they were both hurt and their blood was shed. Hassan bled after the rape and Amir will continue to bleed because he failed to help. The rape cut their friendship apart. After being hit repeatedly with the fruit, Hassan cracks a pome granate over his own head without saying a word. Hassan displays his unwavering loyalty towards Amir.He would never do anything to hurt Amir and the simple act of Hassan breaking the pomegranate on his own head symbolizes this loyalty and humility. The cracked pomegranates represent the cracked relationships that form between Amir and Hassan and Baba and Ali. A literal crevasse forms and divides all of the characters after they move away from one another. The tree isn’t seen again until Amir returns to Afghanistan. He travels back to his home and back to the pomegranate tree. Amir and Hassan lifted each other up just by being in one another’s company. Life for them seemed to flourish along with their friendship.The tree represents this. In times of happiness it produced rich red fruit and sunlight flickered though its leaves. The tree is a part of the boys. It seemed to feed off of them and their relationship, when it was strong the tree prospered and grew. When Amir b etrayed Hassan and broke the friendship, the tree died. Their names are carved in it; they have laughed, played and fought around it. It was the centre of their lives for years. Amir, unaware of how far the ripples of his decisions could travel, killed the relationship in an instant. With the death of this beautiful friendship comes the death of the pomegranate tree.All that remains is a faded carving and fading memories of happiness. It mirrors the relationship between Amir and Hassan perfectly as well as the country of Afghanistan. Amir has lost everybody that he loved when he was a child. His soul is empty and barren, a mirror image of the landscape that surrounds him when he travels back to Kabul. Throughout this film, we see the relationship between Amir and Hassan transform. It begins with Hassan’s unwavering loyalty and great love for Amir and ends with the separation and death of the friendship. The use of the pomegranate tree is a great visual representative of this changing relationship. The Kite Runner Loyalty is an attitude of devotion, faithfulness and affection. In the novel The kite runner Loyalty is a prominent theme throughout. There are signs of loyalty between a few characters but the main ones concerning Hassan and Amir . Hassan comes from a rough social background, lacks education and is the main victim of disloyalty by Amir however he was the character who portrayed loyalty the most. Amir is constantly putting Hassans loyalty to the test.He asks him if he would chew dirt and Hassan answers him in saying that if he was asked to then yes he would but he challenges Amirs loyalty at the same time in saying â€Å" but I wonder, would you ever ask me to do such a thing amir agha† . Hassan shows loyalty to Amir when he admits to stealing his watch and his money. He knew all along that Amir wanted to get rid of him and Ali however being the loyal servant and friend he was he admits to a crime which he did not commit for Amirs sake . he does this To ensure Baba does not se e Amir as a liar.The main incident which proves the magnitude of Hassans loyalty towards Amir was when Amir watched Hassan get raped but did nothing to stop it. And although Hassan endured the most traumatic experience of his life he remains loyal to Amir and disregards the fact that he witnessed the entire scenario. He ignores Amirs sinful actions and instead asks if HE had done something wrong. Throughout his life, Amir is haunted by the disloyalty with which he has always treated Hassan, especially since Hassan had always been unquestionably loyal to him.Little things like hand washed and ironed clothes neatly placed on the chair and the wood already burning at breakfast time reminds Amir of Hassans continuous loyalty and causes him extreme guilt Hassan even dies a loyal man by resisting the Taliban when they came to take possession of Babas house. Amir finally gets the opportunity to change his life for the better and for a change demonstrate his faithfulness towards Hassan afte r his death.By Amir making a dangerous trip back to Afghanistan to rescue and raise Hassan's son -Sohrab from the Taliban is a prime example of returning his loyalty to Hassan . Amir flies kites with sorab and tells him how hassan was the best kite flyer. He develops a close relationship with sorab and treats him as if he were his own son. He truly wants the best for Sorab and he is finally given the opportunity to be as loving and loyal as Hassan once was The Kite Runner Loyalty is an attitude of devotion, faithfulness and affection. In the novel The kite runner Loyalty is a prominent theme throughout. There are signs of loyalty between a few characters but the main ones concerning Hassan and Amir . Hassan comes from a rough social background, lacks education and is the main victim of disloyalty by Amir however he was the character who portrayed loyalty the most. Amir is constantly putting Hassans loyalty to the test.He asks him if he would chew dirt and Hassan answers him in saying that if he was asked to then yes he would but he challenges Amirs loyalty at the same time in saying â€Å" but I wonder, would you ever ask me to do such a thing amir agha† . Hassan shows loyalty to Amir when he admits to stealing his watch and his money. He knew all along that Amir wanted to get rid of him and Ali however being the loyal servant and friend he was he admits to a crime which he did not commit for Amirs sake . he does this To ensure Baba does not se e Amir as a liar.The main incident which proves the magnitude of Hassans loyalty towards Amir was when Amir watched Hassan get raped but did nothing to stop it. And although Hassan endured the most traumatic experience of his life he remains loyal to Amir and disregards the fact that he witnessed the entire scenario. He ignores Amirs sinful actions and instead asks if HE had done something wrong. Throughout his life, Amir is haunted by the disloyalty with which he has always treated Hassan, especially since Hassan had always been unquestionably loyal to him.Little things like hand washed and ironed clothes neatly placed on the chair and the wood already burning at breakfast time reminds Amir of Hassans continuous loyalty and causes him extreme guilt Hassan even dies a loyal man by resisting the Taliban when they came to take possession of Babas house. Amir finally gets the opportunity to change his life for the better and for a change demonstrate his faithfulness towards Hassan afte r his death.By Amir making a dangerous trip back to Afghanistan to rescue and raise Hassan's son -Sohrab from the Taliban is a prime example of returning his loyalty to Hassan . Amir flies kites with sorab and tells him how hassan was the best kite flyer. He develops a close relationship with sorab and treats him as if he were his own son. He truly wants the best for Sorab and he is finally given the opportunity to be as loving and loyal as Hassan once was The Kite Runner Amir and Hassan, the sultans of Kabul This literary analysis will evaluate â€Å"The Kite Runner†, directed by Marc Foster and based on the novel â€Å"The Kite Runner† written by Khaled Hosseini. The movie contains many universal themes however the symbolism and significance of the pomegranate tree often represents and supports the nature of Hassan and Amir’s friendship as the story progresses. The first element that needs to be analyzed is the symbolism behind the pomegranate tree. The pomegranate is mentioned in the Qur’an as being a fruit from paradise.In the Qur’an it is described as being ripe and rich in color, but mirroring the pomegranate tree in The Kite Runner, it too becomes lifeless, suggesting a fall from paradise. The pomegranate trees resemble the friendship between Amir and Hassan. As it falters and weakens, so too does the pomegranate tree. Hassan has an unrequited love for Amir. He admired Amir for his knowledge; Amir would have a nd know things that Hassan could not. The pomegranate trees at the beginning of the movie are representative of the strong friendship that the boys share.Its bright red fruit representing new life and opportunities as they grew, and its large braches like outstretched arms sheltering them from the outside world. Hassan found refuge in Amir’s friendship just as he found refuge in the pomegranate tree. It was a positive and happy place where the boys like to play. Amir reads to Hassan underneath the trees which transport him away from his illiteracy, but just like the trees, Amir towers over him with his knowledge. Amir uses Ali’s knives to carve â€Å"Amir and Hassan, the sultans of Kabul† into the trunk of the tree. This act represented the boys bound to one another and to the tree.After Amir bore witness to Hassan being rapped, he feels as though it is impossible to be in the same room as him. They walk up to the pomegranate tree where the boys sit and talk. Am ir picks up a pomegranate asking Hassan what he would do if he hit him with the fruit. This seems as though Amir wants to test Hassan’s loyalty. Amir hurls a pomegranate at Hassan’s chest, demanding Hassan to fight back. . â€Å"Hit me back! † Amir demands. He wants Hassan to hurt him so he can feel pain. Amir wants Hassan to get revenge on him because of the guilt he had after the rape. Amir pelts Hassan with pomegranates, leaving him drenched in red fruit.The boys share the pomegranate tree; they carved their names on the trunk, fed from the same breast and they also share the same blood. Hassan being covered in red symbolizes the blood spilled after the rape. Although Hassan was the victim, the rape literally cut both of the boys, they were both hurt and their blood was shed. Hassan bled after the rape and Amir will continue to bleed because he failed to help. The rape cut their friendship apart. After being hit repeatedly with the fruit, Hassan cracks a pome granate over his own head without saying a word. Hassan displays his unwavering loyalty towards Amir.He would never do anything to hurt Amir and the simple act of Hassan breaking the pomegranate on his own head symbolizes this loyalty and humility. The cracked pomegranates represent the cracked relationships that form between Amir and Hassan and Baba and Ali. A literal crevasse forms and divides all of the characters after they move away from one another. The tree isn’t seen again until Amir returns to Afghanistan. He travels back to his home and back to the pomegranate tree. Amir and Hassan lifted each other up just by being in one another’s company. Life for them seemed to flourish along with their friendship.The tree represents this. In times of happiness it produced rich red fruit and sunlight flickered though its leaves. The tree is a part of the boys. It seemed to feed off of them and their relationship, when it was strong the tree prospered and grew. When Amir b etrayed Hassan and broke the friendship, the tree died. Their names are carved in it; they have laughed, played and fought around it. It was the centre of their lives for years. Amir, unaware of how far the ripples of his decisions could travel, killed the relationship in an instant. With the death of this beautiful friendship comes the death of the pomegranate tree.All that remains is a faded carving and fading memories of happiness. It mirrors the relationship between Amir and Hassan perfectly as well as the country of Afghanistan. Amir has lost everybody that he loved when he was a child. His soul is empty and barren, a mirror image of the landscape that surrounds him when he travels back to Kabul. Throughout this film, we see the relationship between Amir and Hassan transform. It begins with Hassan’s unwavering loyalty and great love for Amir and ends with the separation and death of the friendship. The use of the pomegranate tree is a great visual representative of this changing relationship. The Kite Runner Question: Even though countless events occur in the novel, the title refers to kite fighting and kite running. What do these activities represent in the novel and why are they so important? To whom or what does the title, â€Å"The Kite Runner,† refer? Kite fighting and kite running represent the fights in the novel and how you can lose the game and someone important in your life. If you win you can gain someone’s love and you can lose someone’s love in an instant. For example, Amir won the competition and at the same time he won his fathers’ love, but he lost Hassan.Imagine if Amir would’ve lost he wouldn’t have gained his fathers’ love, but Hassan wouldn’t have gone for that kite and he wouldn’t have gotten raped and their relationship would have never gotten tainted. I think the title â€Å"The Kite Runner,† refers to Hassan because he’s the infamous kite runner that doesn’t need to follow the grou p and doesn’t go in the same direction. Hassan goes his own way and always gets to the location a while before the kite actually gets there. Hassan is also a very fast runner that was an advantage for him to go along with his perfect kite running skills.He would all do it for Amir since he was so loyal; the title of this novel is something Amir probably would’ve named it. The title â€Å"The Kite Runner,† represents loyalty, because when Hassan ran down his last kite he would ever run for Amir his loyal words were â€Å"For you a thousand times over. † When Amir wanted to be loyal to Sohrab, he ran a kite for him and he said â€Å"For you a thousand times over†. So the title â€Å"The Kite Runner† is loyalty and love and all the things that give you loyalty.

Expand Your Tablet Purposes! Use It for Your Studies

The global educational sector favors using technology in schools and higher educational institutions a lot. Remember the times when computers became accessible? There was a mass computerization of schools. Right now, desktop computers have cleared the path for more portable devices. Thus, the current best tool for educational purposes is a tablet, which is bigger than a smartphone and much smaller than a PC or laptop. Indeed, a tablet like iPad or Galaxy Tab can be a very powerful instrument in the learning process. The need for educational and communicational devices in schools has been recognized by educational systems in a number of countries, including Turkey, Kazakhstan, Indonesia, Senegal, Colombia, Finland, Sweden, the US and many more. While the governments are into centralized â€Å"tabletization† of educational institutions, many students have portable devices on their own. For example, in 2013, there were around 260,000 tablet users among students in the UK and ten times as many in the US. Still, not everyone owns a tablet for education, especially in the developing countries, which is why governments are planning to buy or lease tablet devices for schools. A tablet computer is a universal device which has a lot of advantages compared to both textbooks and computers. For a start, it is relatively small and fits into a student’s bag. Its size makes it possible for younger school pupils to carry it around. A tablet is not a tool on its own, but it rather offers a number of built-in possibilities to utilize in school. For example, it is a combination of a notepad, calendar, storage for e-books, recording tool, and a platform for a variety of education-specific apps. The latter are getting increasingly popular on the market of mobile applications. What’s more, tablets can be used by teachers to maintain constant interaction with colleagues as well as students thanks to conference calls, real-time messengers, or even email. Additionally, tablets match the current lifestyle of young people who are always on the go and are used to access information permanently. The use of tablets in schools can change the studying process entirely. Everyone in the class can create notes or take instant photos, and then exchange these notes and learning materials within a particular app which is installed on all devices. Video or voice recording tools can facilitate the learning process as well, and it especially concerns language learning. By recording his or her pronunciation, a student can work on his or her own mistakes. The use of subject-specific apps, educational databases, or digital textbooks provides access to an infinite number of information sources. Tablet computers have a tremendous potential as an educational tool. They cover all aspects of educational process, including acquisition of information, its processing and storage, communication with teachers or peers, access to a range of resources, conducting research, and others. The number of students who possess tablets increases every year globally and not only in the developed countries. More and more officials with educational systems around the world recognize the trend and are ready to support schools in acquisition of tablets. So, expand your tablet purposes, use it for your benefit.

The Globalization of ExxonMobil from 1980 to Present

Since its discovery back in the year 1858 crude oil has been become one of the most sought after resources on the face of the planet. It is due to this fact that the oil industry has fallen into a rather odd category in the case of globalization and seeking out new markets, new labor and new customers. The reason being that the need for crude oil and fuel is always present therefore the product of oil in its basic sense sells itself and the companies do not have to go out and publicly advertise it in the sense that clothing lines and other commodities do. Oil companies must focus more on the matter of why an individual should buy their oil and along with other alternative fuels over their competitors even though in the end the companies†¦show more content†¦It is by doing these three crucial acts that ExxonMobil is able to globalize the image of being the â€Å"Nice Oil Company on the block† and emulating this idea that if a consumer is going to buy fuel anyways, why not from the ExxonMobil. The company ExxonMobil offers an interesting insight into the inner workings of an oil company because not more than fourteen years ago they were two separate and very successful companies both sitting at the top of the industry. In the year 1980 the two companies bolstered sales revenue that towards the top of their industry. Exxon with 103 million dollars worth of revenue was by far the most dominant beating out the closest competitor, which was Royal Dutch by over thirty million dollars. Mobil Oil was not nearly as dominant in revenue but still bolstered a respectable with 59.5 million dollars worth of profit placing them in the upper half of the industry.1 As the 1980’s went on the oil industry began going through a bit of reconstruction in which efficiency and profit shot to the forefront of the minds of both oil executives and the companies stockholders. As stated by and executive of Exxon, â€Å"Exxon confirms its ‘intention to run a tig ht ship . . . and strive to become the low-cost operator in each area of our business’. Restructuring included the sale of Exxon Office Systems, Reliance Electric Co., and its New York headquarters, and the reorganization into fewer divisions, several of themShow MoreRelatedCross Cultural Management Research6745 Words   |  27 PagesPackard and how they have created strong international management plans to overcome the numerous hurdles involved in cross cultural management to become successful corporations across the globe. 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The whole information has been gathered from internet, different books, manuals, class lecture sheet etc. Limitation of the Study: At the time when I prepare my assignment I face some limitation. These are as follows – 1. There is very short data on international business in BangladeshRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesInternational Management Education iii This page intentionally left blank Preface C hanges in the global business environment continue unabated. The global financial crisis and economic recession have challenged some assumptions about globalization and economic integration, but they have also underscored the interconnected nature of global economies. 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Frank holds a PhD degree in strategic management from the University of Washington, an MBA from the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University, and an MA in economics from the University of Duisburg, Germany. He was a visiting professor at the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, and an Erasmus Scholar at Sheffield Hallam University, UK. Professor Rothaermel